Here's an update from the forward thinking people hard at work on the Columbia to demonstrate the art of the possible with respect to selective fisheries that could replace indiscriminate nets that have led us to the brink and over for so many stocks of salmon and steelhead. As I've said previously, it is a sad commentary on Canadian governments (all three levels) that they continue to support the same old same old harvesting technologies marching us down the road to fisheries oblivion while preaching the gospel of conservation and sustainability. Meanwhile it is dedicated, well led, highly credible non-government organizations working their collective butts off to demonstrate alternatives that actually can deliver conservation objectives.
What will it take to alter course?
COLUMBIA RIVER FISH TRAP
The Fish Trap Moves Forward
Adrian Tuohy, Biologist
Momentum continues to grow for Wild Fish Conservancy’s three-year effort to develop, test, and commercially implement sustainable alternatives to conventional gillnets in the Columbia River. Quantitatively evaluating post-release survival of Chinook salmon and steelhead from an experimental fish trap from 2016 through 2017, WFC’s groundbreaking engineering and research demonstrated the great potential of modified fish traps in reducing detrimental bycatch and hatchery impacts in commercial salmon fisheries. Now, in a historical moment, Washington State has wisely authorized implementation of the first commercial trap fishery in the State since 1935 to selectively harvest hatchery-origin salmon while releasing all wild fish unharmed.
Since August, WFC biologists have been working diligently with local fishermen, processors, and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) in a collaborative effort to construct and operate a commercial trap fishery—the first of its kind in over 83 years. The stakes are high to build a firm foundation to this alternative fishery and to develop a reputation for a sustainable product that consumers can trust. Securing the NOAA Fishery Service Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program Award two years in a row, the WFC staff has applied its unique knowledge and experience to further improve the sustainability and efficiency of fish trap technology. Alongside local fishermen and processors, the staff utilizes best harvest practices—including minimal handling, bleeding, and icing on site—to maximize quality to the consumer and the price received for a one-of-a-kind product. Through this careful process, WFC and partners are guaranteeing sustainability and quality in the marketplace while helping fishermen and processors involved receive the reward they deserve for helping with this important aspect of wild salmonid recovery. Furthermore, the trap is serving as a unique scientific monitoring tool within the lower river, providing data on genetics, stock-composition, run-timing, migration, behavior, and survival.
In terms of sustainability and consumer reliability, the results from the 2018 test fishery speak for themselves. Since initiating the fishery in late August, 2726 salmonids have been safely captured and sorted. All hatchery salmon have been removed from the river, reducing the threat of genetic introgression with wild populations upstream. All wild fish—including 1675 wild salmon and steelhead—have been successfully released to continue their journey to upriver spawning grounds. This is in stark contrast to conventional commercial fisheries of the Columbia, in which threatened wild salmon (along with mixed-runs of hatchery-origin salmon) are lethally entangled, harvested, and sold to consumers of the region. This reality also draws attention to the currently backwards incentives by the State of Washington which rewards fishermen using unsustainable fishing practices by allowing the harvest and sale of wild fish. Basic economics and ecology tell us that society could be far better off reversing the incentives in this situation, rewarding the fisher who successfully releases wild fish and taxing the fisher that kills a potentially endangered wild species.
Given the unfortunate situation that has unfolded for wild fish and fishermen of the Columbia River Basin during the summer and fall of 2018, the urgent need for sustainable alternatives to gillnetting could not be greater. The late-August and fall commercial fishery of the lower Columbia river was dramatically constrained by one of the worst runs in history, with returns of Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and steelhead less than half of the most recent 10-year average and likely near a hundredth of historical returns prior to 1900. With such diminished runs of wild fish, genetic impacts from rampant hatchery production are bound to be worse than before. In the absence of curbed hatchery production and subsequent moratorium on commercial and recreational harvest, a tool is urgently needed for selective removal of hatchery salmon that minimizes mortality to threatened wild fish; otherwise, we risk the loss of wild fish populations and genetic diversity that are essential to long-term recovery.
WFC’s collaborative project with local fishers, processors, and WDFW brings hope in an otherwise bleak situation on the Columbia, representing a remarkable step forward for sustainable salmon fisheries of the region. The model fishery developed on the Columbia has applications far and wide, providing a solution to address bycatch issues within non-hatchery supplemented watersheds, and situations involving invasive species or hatchery introgression. After years of hard work, a sustainable fishery is finally active on the Columbia River and a reliable product is available to consumers at Pike Place Market and a market near you.
Learn more about the our work on the Columbia at
thefishtrapjournal.org.