Your talking about Dr. Gary Marty the Provincial Veterinarian right?
Fish Farm trouble in BC.
- Thread starter Chuck
- Start date
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OldBlackDog
Well-Known Member
fogged in
Well-Known Member
Yet another influential body is apposing open net-pen fish farms!
City of Victoria firmly opposes open-net fish farms
It is impossible for land based fish farms in B.C to compete price wise with open net-pens, BUT....
It is NOT impossible to continue the have the benefits of farmed salmon if they were raised on dry land.
America’s Biggest Salmon Farm Under Construction In Miami (Land Based)
(as posted by Agentaqua yesterday)
The economics do not support this move in B.C., and the political will is weak.
I believe the best way currently available is to force the move with public opinion!
Public opinion is from what I see surging to take these 100 plus open net-pen Salmon Farms out of our ocean in B.C. starting with not granting any new leases and denying renewal of leases as they expire.
http://www.timescolonist.com/news/local/city-of-victoria-firmly-opposes-open-net-fish-farms-1.23118127
https://www.thenextmiami.com/americas-biggest-salmon-farm-begin-construction-near-homestead/
City of Victoria firmly opposes open-net fish farms
It is impossible for land based fish farms in B.C to compete price wise with open net-pens, BUT....
It is NOT impossible to continue the have the benefits of farmed salmon if they were raised on dry land.
America’s Biggest Salmon Farm Under Construction In Miami (Land Based)
(as posted by Agentaqua yesterday)
The economics do not support this move in B.C., and the political will is weak.
I believe the best way currently available is to force the move with public opinion!
Public opinion is from what I see surging to take these 100 plus open net-pen Salmon Farms out of our ocean in B.C. starting with not granting any new leases and denying renewal of leases as they expire.
http://www.timescolonist.com/news/local/city-of-victoria-firmly-opposes-open-net-fish-farms-1.23118127
https://www.thenextmiami.com/americas-biggest-salmon-farm-begin-construction-near-homestead/
Last edited:
Roger that - Capt'n obvious. That's what a "discussion" forum is all about....
Birdsnest
Well-Known Member
Which doesn't make it factual.
rockdog
Well-Known Member
Aside from the actual science that has been provided, ya, everything else is just opinions, including yours.
Birdsnest
Well-Known Member
Its no surprise that the agent is more than willing to repeatedly regurgitate opinion pieces that rattle half truths.
Example one: The article praised ketura yet fails to mention that its closing, cant find investors and has left the Nagmis band at a loss around 3 million. Viable?
The other: The comment on PVR being deadly to pacific salmon. We have clearly established by looking at the science that it is not.
Stuff like that. These are my words but it is not my opinion. These are facts.
errrrr... I provided a link to an opinion piece, birdie. I believe you have done the same before. I don't think that needs any defense. You can critique the piece if you want to - free world....
The PRv effects on wild salmon stocks has not yet been established - the assumption that it has negligible effects then is called an "opinion", birdie....
fogged in
Well-Known Member
Hey Birdsnest
Can you explain the information below taken from a Fisheries and Oceans report
and tell me if Dr. Gary Marty, the Fish Farm pathologist, tests for HSMI on a regular basis and makes his findings public?
>”Association between PRV and HSMI
To date the disease HSMI always occurs in the presence of PRV. While there have been other agents in addition to PRV which have been found in fish with HSMI disease, researchers agree that PRV is one of the leading candidates to be a causative agent.”
The term disease causative agent refers to the biological pathogen that causes a disease
wildmanyeah
Crew Member
How is a video about fishing around a fish farm not relevant to the topic? There salmon fish farms placed in rivers/canals that lead into a hydroelectric dam. I think its better then our sea based fish farms. Is there areas in BC where these type of fish farms would work?
california
Well-Known Member
We used to have ones that big in the Thompson - not pellet fed either!
Guess you missed Cuttles post#559:
Here's some more you apparently missed:
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First description of clinical presentation of piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) infections in salmonid aquaculture in Chile and identification of a second genotype (Genotype II) of PRV
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-016-0554-y
© The Author(s). 2016
Received: 9 December 2015
Accepted: 2 June 2016
Published: 13 June 2016
Abstract
Background
Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is an emerging disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, first recognized in 1999 in Norway, and recently associated with piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) infection. To date, HSMI lesions with presence of PRV have only been described in marine-farmed Atlantic salmon in Norway. A new HSMI-like disease in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss associated with a PRV-related virus has also been reported in Norway.
https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12985-016-0554-y
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PLoS One. 2016 Oct 27;11(10):e0165424. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165424. eCollection 2016.
Full-Genome Sequencing and Confirmation of the Causative Agent of Erythrocytic Inclusion Body Syndrome in Coho Salmon Identifies a New Type of Piscine Orthoreovirus.
Takano T1, Nawata A2, Sakai T1, Matsuyama T1, Ito T1, Kurita J1, Terashima S1, Yasuike M3, Nakamura Y3, Fujiwara A3, Kumagai A2, Nakayasu C1.
Author information
Abstract
Erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS) causes mass mortality in farmed salmonid fish, including the coho salmon, Onchorhynchus kisutchi, and chinook salmon, O. tshawytscha. The causative agent of the disease is a virus with an icosahedral virion structure, but this virus has not been characterized at the molecular level. In this study, we sequenced the genome of a virus purified from EIBS-affected coho salmon. The virus has 10 dsRNA genomic segments (L1, L2, L3, M1, M2, M3, S1, S2, S3, and S4), which closely resembles the genomic organization of piscine orthoreovirus (PRV), the causative agent of heart and skeletal inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic salmon and HSMI-like disease in coho salmon. The genomic segments of the novel virus contain at least 10 open reading frames (ORFs): lambda 1 (λ1), λ2, λ3, mu 1 (μ1), μ2, μNS, sigma 1 (σ1), σ2, σ3, and σNS. An additional ORF encoding a 12.6-kDa protein (homologue of PRV p13) occurs in the same genomic segment as σ3. Phylogenetic analyses based on S1 and λ3 suggest that this novel virus is closely related to PRV, but distinctly different. Therefore, we designated the new virus 'piscine orthoreovirus 2' (PRV-2). Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR revealed a significant increase in PRV-2 RNA in fish blood after the artificial infection of EIBS-naïve fish but not in that of fish that had recovered from EIBS. The degree of anemia in each fish increased as the PRV-2 RNA increased during an epizootic season of EIBS on an inland coho salmon farm. These results indicate that PRV-2 is the probable causative agent of EIBS in coho salmon, and that the host acquires immunity to reinfection with this virus. Further research is required to determine the host range of PRV species and the relationship between EIBS and HSMI in salmonid fish.
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http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0082202&representation=PDF
Phylogenetic Evidence of Long Distance Dispersal and Transmission of Piscine Reovirus (PRV) between Farmed and Wild Atlantic Salmon
A˚se Helen Garseth1,2*, Torbjørn Ekrem2, Eirik Biering1
1Department of Health Surveillance, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Trondheim, Norway, 2Department of Natural History, Norwegian University of Science and Technology University Museum, Trondheim, Norway
Abstract
The extent and effect of disease interaction and pathogen exchange between wild and farmed fish populations is an ongoing debate and an area of research that is difficult to explore. The objective of this study was to investigate pathogen transmission between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations in Norway by means of molecular epidemiology. Piscine reovirus (PRV) was selected as the model organism as it is widely distributed in both farmed and wild Atlantic salmon in Norway, and because infection not necessarily will lead to mortality through development of disease. A matrix comprised of PRV protein coding sequences S1, S2 and S4 from wild, hatchery-reared and farmed Atlantic salmon in addition to one sea-trout (Salmo trutta L.) was examined. Phylogenetic analyses based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference indicate long distance transport of PRV and exchange of virus between populations. The results are discussed in the context of Atlantic salmon ecology and the structure of the Norwegian salmon industry. We conclude that the lack of a geographical pattern in the phylogenetic trees is caused by extensive exchange of PRV. In addition, the detailed topography of the trees indicates long distance transportation of PRV. Through its size, structure and infection status, the Atlantic salmon farming industry has the capacity to play a central role in both long distance transportation and transmission of pathogens. Despite extensive migration, wild salmon probably play a minor role as they are fewer in numbers, appear at lower densities and are less likely to be infected. An open question is the relationship between the PRV sequences found in marine fish and those originating from salmon.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
First description of clinical presentation of piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) infections in salmonid aquaculture in Chile and identification of a second genotype (Genotype II) of PRV
- Marcos G. Godoy,
- Molly J. T. Kibenge,
- Yingwei Wang,
- Rudy Suarez,
- Camila Leiva,
- Francisco Vallejos and
- Frederick S. B. KibengeEmail author
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-016-0554-y
© The Author(s). 2016
Received: 9 December 2015
Accepted: 2 June 2016
Published: 13 June 2016
Abstract
Background
Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is an emerging disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, first recognized in 1999 in Norway, and recently associated with piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) infection. To date, HSMI lesions with presence of PRV have only been described in marine-farmed Atlantic salmon in Norway. A new HSMI-like disease in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss associated with a PRV-related virus has also been reported in Norway.
https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12985-016-0554-y
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLoS One. 2016 Oct 27;11(10):e0165424. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165424. eCollection 2016.
Full-Genome Sequencing and Confirmation of the Causative Agent of Erythrocytic Inclusion Body Syndrome in Coho Salmon Identifies a New Type of Piscine Orthoreovirus.
Takano T1, Nawata A2, Sakai T1, Matsuyama T1, Ito T1, Kurita J1, Terashima S1, Yasuike M3, Nakamura Y3, Fujiwara A3, Kumagai A2, Nakayasu C1.
Author information
Abstract
Erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS) causes mass mortality in farmed salmonid fish, including the coho salmon, Onchorhynchus kisutchi, and chinook salmon, O. tshawytscha. The causative agent of the disease is a virus with an icosahedral virion structure, but this virus has not been characterized at the molecular level. In this study, we sequenced the genome of a virus purified from EIBS-affected coho salmon. The virus has 10 dsRNA genomic segments (L1, L2, L3, M1, M2, M3, S1, S2, S3, and S4), which closely resembles the genomic organization of piscine orthoreovirus (PRV), the causative agent of heart and skeletal inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic salmon and HSMI-like disease in coho salmon. The genomic segments of the novel virus contain at least 10 open reading frames (ORFs): lambda 1 (λ1), λ2, λ3, mu 1 (μ1), μ2, μNS, sigma 1 (σ1), σ2, σ3, and σNS. An additional ORF encoding a 12.6-kDa protein (homologue of PRV p13) occurs in the same genomic segment as σ3. Phylogenetic analyses based on S1 and λ3 suggest that this novel virus is closely related to PRV, but distinctly different. Therefore, we designated the new virus 'piscine orthoreovirus 2' (PRV-2). Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR revealed a significant increase in PRV-2 RNA in fish blood after the artificial infection of EIBS-naïve fish but not in that of fish that had recovered from EIBS. The degree of anemia in each fish increased as the PRV-2 RNA increased during an epizootic season of EIBS on an inland coho salmon farm. These results indicate that PRV-2 is the probable causative agent of EIBS in coho salmon, and that the host acquires immunity to reinfection with this virus. Further research is required to determine the host range of PRV species and the relationship between EIBS and HSMI in salmonid fish.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0082202&representation=PDF
Phylogenetic Evidence of Long Distance Dispersal and Transmission of Piscine Reovirus (PRV) between Farmed and Wild Atlantic Salmon
A˚se Helen Garseth1,2*, Torbjørn Ekrem2, Eirik Biering1
1Department of Health Surveillance, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Trondheim, Norway, 2Department of Natural History, Norwegian University of Science and Technology University Museum, Trondheim, Norway
Abstract
The extent and effect of disease interaction and pathogen exchange between wild and farmed fish populations is an ongoing debate and an area of research that is difficult to explore. The objective of this study was to investigate pathogen transmission between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations in Norway by means of molecular epidemiology. Piscine reovirus (PRV) was selected as the model organism as it is widely distributed in both farmed and wild Atlantic salmon in Norway, and because infection not necessarily will lead to mortality through development of disease. A matrix comprised of PRV protein coding sequences S1, S2 and S4 from wild, hatchery-reared and farmed Atlantic salmon in addition to one sea-trout (Salmo trutta L.) was examined. Phylogenetic analyses based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference indicate long distance transport of PRV and exchange of virus between populations. The results are discussed in the context of Atlantic salmon ecology and the structure of the Norwegian salmon industry. We conclude that the lack of a geographical pattern in the phylogenetic trees is caused by extensive exchange of PRV. In addition, the detailed topography of the trees indicates long distance transportation of PRV. Through its size, structure and infection status, the Atlantic salmon farming industry has the capacity to play a central role in both long distance transportation and transmission of pathogens. Despite extensive migration, wild salmon probably play a minor role as they are fewer in numbers, appear at lower densities and are less likely to be infected. An open question is the relationship between the PRV sequences found in marine fish and those originating from salmon.
These too:
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http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2015/mpo-dfo/Fs70-5-2015-005-eng.pdf
The ability of hydrodynamic models to inform decisions on the siting and management of aquaculture facilities in British Columbia
M.G.G Foreman, P.C. Chandler, D.J. Stucchi, K.A. Garver, M. Guo, J. Morrison, D. Tuele
Fig 14, p. 26; Fig. 18, p.32; Fig. 19, p. 35
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Formal comment on: Piscine reovirus: Genomic and molecular phylogenetic analysis from farmed and wild salmonids collected on the
Canada/US Pacific Coast
Molly J. T. Kibenge, Yingwei Wang, Alexandra Morton, Richard Routledge,Frederick S. B. Kibenge
Published: November 30, 2017https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188690
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188690
Miller KM, Günther OP, Li S, Kaukinen KH, Ming TJ (2017) Molecular indices of viral disease development in wild migrating salmon. Conserv Physiol 5(1): cox036; doi:10.1093/conphys/cox036.
p. 28:
“Importantly, the diseases caused by these viruses [Viruses PMCv, PRv and Salmon alphavirus (Sav)], all of which cause inflammation of the heart, can affect swimming behavior, causing either lethargy or erratic swimming (McLoughlin et al., 2002; Kongtorp et al., 2004; Haugland et al., 2011), sub-lethal physiological impacts that may not be detrimental to farmed fish (i.e. a slow day on the farm) but carry significantly enhanced risk of predation in wild fish.
PRv has been associated both with HSMI in Atlantic salmon and jaundice syndrome-related diseases in Pacific salmon in Norway (Rainbow trout—Olsen et al., 2015) and Chile (Coho salmon—Godoy et al., 2016). While challenge studies with the North American strain of PRv (98% similar to strains in Norway) have not resulted in compelling evidence of disease (Garver et al., 2015, 2016), clearly both diseases described in farmed salmon in Norway and Chile do exist in association with PRv in BC (Di Cicco et al., 2017; Miller, unpublished data), and wild fish with the outward appearance of jaundice (yellowing of the belly and under the eye) have been observed.
The fact that this virus can be observed in both farm and wild settings, sometimes at modest to high loads, in the absence of histological presentation of disease, has caused some to question whether PRv can cause disease in wild fish (Garseth et al., 2013; Marty et al., 2015).
However, our analyses of farm audit salmon provided evidence that the VDD biomarkers were able to discriminate fish diagnosed with HSMI (Atlantic salmon) and jaundice (Pacific salmon), both associated with PRv, from viral negative fish and from fish diagnosed with bacterial or parasitic diseases. For many viruses, challenge studies have already demonstrated impacts on physiological performance, which as suggested previously, may enhance impacts of sub-lethal disease in wild fish.
Secondary impacts associated with enhanced predation risk may ensue if visual acuity, swim performance, and/or feeding and growth are affected (Miller et al., 2014). Impacts on swim performance have been demonstrated in association with disease from IHNv, ISAv, IPNv, VHSv (Meyers, 2006), PMCv (Haugland et al., 2011) and PRv (Kongtorp et al., 2004).
Impacts on feeding and growth, which may also have ramification on size-selective predation and energetic potential for predation escapement, have also been demonstrated for IPNv (Meyers, 2006), PRv (Kongtorp et al., 2004), SAv (McLoughlin et al., 1998) and VHSv (Baulaurier et al., 2012). Enhanced pathogenicity has been demonstrated for several viruses in association with elevated water temperatures (IHNv—La Patra et al., 1979, IPNv— Dobos and Roberts, 1983, VEN/ENV—Korsnes et al., 2005).
As a result, these viruses may show stronger impacts on both wild and farmed salmon in a warming climate.”
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2015/mpo-dfo/Fs70-5-2015-005-eng.pdf
The ability of hydrodynamic models to inform decisions on the siting and management of aquaculture facilities in British Columbia
M.G.G Foreman, P.C. Chandler, D.J. Stucchi, K.A. Garver, M. Guo, J. Morrison, D. Tuele
Fig 14, p. 26; Fig. 18, p.32; Fig. 19, p. 35
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Formal comment on: Piscine reovirus: Genomic and molecular phylogenetic analysis from farmed and wild salmonids collected on the
Canada/US Pacific Coast
Molly J. T. Kibenge, Yingwei Wang, Alexandra Morton, Richard Routledge,Frederick S. B. Kibenge
Published: November 30, 2017https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188690
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188690
Miller KM, Günther OP, Li S, Kaukinen KH, Ming TJ (2017) Molecular indices of viral disease development in wild migrating salmon. Conserv Physiol 5(1): cox036; doi:10.1093/conphys/cox036.
p. 28:
“Importantly, the diseases caused by these viruses [Viruses PMCv, PRv and Salmon alphavirus (Sav)], all of which cause inflammation of the heart, can affect swimming behavior, causing either lethargy or erratic swimming (McLoughlin et al., 2002; Kongtorp et al., 2004; Haugland et al., 2011), sub-lethal physiological impacts that may not be detrimental to farmed fish (i.e. a slow day on the farm) but carry significantly enhanced risk of predation in wild fish.
PRv has been associated both with HSMI in Atlantic salmon and jaundice syndrome-related diseases in Pacific salmon in Norway (Rainbow trout—Olsen et al., 2015) and Chile (Coho salmon—Godoy et al., 2016). While challenge studies with the North American strain of PRv (98% similar to strains in Norway) have not resulted in compelling evidence of disease (Garver et al., 2015, 2016), clearly both diseases described in farmed salmon in Norway and Chile do exist in association with PRv in BC (Di Cicco et al., 2017; Miller, unpublished data), and wild fish with the outward appearance of jaundice (yellowing of the belly and under the eye) have been observed.
The fact that this virus can be observed in both farm and wild settings, sometimes at modest to high loads, in the absence of histological presentation of disease, has caused some to question whether PRv can cause disease in wild fish (Garseth et al., 2013; Marty et al., 2015).
However, our analyses of farm audit salmon provided evidence that the VDD biomarkers were able to discriminate fish diagnosed with HSMI (Atlantic salmon) and jaundice (Pacific salmon), both associated with PRv, from viral negative fish and from fish diagnosed with bacterial or parasitic diseases. For many viruses, challenge studies have already demonstrated impacts on physiological performance, which as suggested previously, may enhance impacts of sub-lethal disease in wild fish.
Secondary impacts associated with enhanced predation risk may ensue if visual acuity, swim performance, and/or feeding and growth are affected (Miller et al., 2014). Impacts on swim performance have been demonstrated in association with disease from IHNv, ISAv, IPNv, VHSv (Meyers, 2006), PMCv (Haugland et al., 2011) and PRv (Kongtorp et al., 2004).
Impacts on feeding and growth, which may also have ramification on size-selective predation and energetic potential for predation escapement, have also been demonstrated for IPNv (Meyers, 2006), PRv (Kongtorp et al., 2004), SAv (McLoughlin et al., 1998) and VHSv (Baulaurier et al., 2012). Enhanced pathogenicity has been demonstrated for several viruses in association with elevated water temperatures (IHNv—La Patra et al., 1979, IPNv— Dobos and Roberts, 1983, VEN/ENV—Korsnes et al., 2005).
As a result, these viruses may show stronger impacts on both wild and farmed salmon in a warming climate.”
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bigdogeh
Well-Known Member
I was thinking the same thing...
Birdsnest
Well-Known Member
This seems to be about atlantics in chile. Not sure you can apply that to bc.
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